Quarterly Report March 2024

Quarterly Report March 2024

Summary:

Commencement of International Arbitration against Spain

Subsequent to the end of the quarter, Berkeley Energia Limited (Berkeley or Company), through its wholly owned subsidiary, Berkeley Exploration Limited (BEL), announced that it will refer its investment dispute with the Kingdom of Spain (Spain) to international arbitration under the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).

In November 2022, BEL submitted a written notification of an investment dispute to the Prime Minister of Spain and the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) informing them of the nature of the dispute and the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) breaches, and that it proposed to seek prompt negotiations for an amicable solution pursuant to article 26.1 of the ECT. To date, the Spanish government has not engaged in any discussions related to the dispute and Berkeley has had no option but to take action and enforce its rights at the Salamanca project through international arbitration. BEL has engaged specialist teams at Herbert Smith Freehills Spain LLP and LCS Abogados to jointly prepare and submit the 'Request for Arbitration' to the ICSID, and represent it in these proceedings.

Notwithstanding the investment dispute, Berkeley remains committed to the Salamanca project and continues to be open to a constructive dialogue with Spain. Berkeley is ready to collaborate with the relevant Spanish authorities to find an amicable resolution to the permitting situation and remains hopeful discussions can take place in the near term.

Global Nuclear Power and Uranium Market:

Following a high of US$107 per pound in February 2024, spot uranium prices demonstrated continued volatility and ended the quarter down at US$88 per pound following declined transaction activity.

Since December 2023 the longer price indicators have continued to strengthen during the quarter, with the three and five year forward prices increasing to US$97 per pound and US$108 per pound respectively. The Long-Term Price continued to rise incrementally reaching US$75 per pound at the end of March 2024.

Spain

o Catalonia's Ascó I, Ascó II and Vandellós II nuclear power plants generated electricity in 2023, accounting for up to 59% of the energy consumed in the region. The plant operator said this contribution to the electrical system is also equivalent to covering 30% of the electrical energy consumption of nearly 19 million Spanish homes. It noted the joint production of the three plants resulted in emissions savings of 8.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent last year.

European Union

o The European Investment Bank's new president has signalled openness to fund new nuclear projects. In an interview with the Financial Times, Nadia Calviño, a former Spanish economy minister who recently took over the EIB presidency, laid out several areas where she would differ from her predecessor. Previously the bank had stayed clear of investments in new nuclear plants and was "notoriously risk-averse" while Calviño said Europe "needs to be active because [it] cannot be behind the curve" on "modular reactors".

o France announced that legislation will be introduced for the construction of eight new nuclear reactors in addition to the six units announced by President Macon in early 2022. The bill will include a further eight plants that had until now been discussed as an option by the government.

USA

o The US Administration's 2025 budget request includes nearly USD$1.6 billion for the Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy, with support for securing supplies of high-assay low-enriched uranium, developing new reactor technologies, supporting R&D, advancing the use of additive manufacturing and AI, and deploying US reactors overseas.

COP28

o In March 2024, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the International Energy Agency (IEA) have announced a new phase of cooperation to drive progress on the energy commitments made at COP28 in Dubai with the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Under the new phase of cooperation, the UNFCCC and IEA will focus on three key areas - tracking and reporting on the energy-related outcomes of the first Global Stocktake at COP28, building consensus on actions to deliver 1.5°C-aligned energy transitions and supporting the next round of Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement. In addition, the two organisations will deepen their existing cooperation on data and capacity building.

Ukraine

o Ukraine expects to commence construction of four new nuclear reactors in 2024 as the country seeks to compensate for lost energy capacity due to the war with Russia. Two reactors will be based on Russian-design technology, which Ukraine wants to import from Bulgaria, while the other two will use Westinghouse technology.

UK

o The British government released it's "Civil Nuclear Roadmap" setting forth plans for the quadrupling of nuclear capacity by 2050, representing about 25% of the country's projected electricity demand. The government stated that "the roadmap will give industry certainty of the future direction of the UK's ambitious nuclear programme, on top of the government's historic commitment and world-leading competition to develop small modular reactor technology." The roadmap includes a government ambition and make nuclear investment decisions every five years from 2030 to 2044 on new nuclear projects.

Balance Sheet

The Company is in a strong financial position with A$78 million in cash reserves and no debt.

The Company currently holds legal, valid and consolidated rights for the investigation and exploitation of its mining projects, including the 30-year mining licence (renewable for two further periods of 30 years) for the Salamanca project, however any new proceedings opened by the Company is now not allowed under the aforementioned new law.

In November 2021, the Company received formal notification from MITECO that it had rejected the construction of the plant as a radioactive facility (NSC II) at the Company's Salamanca project following and unfavourable report for the grant of NSC II issued by the Board of the Nuclear Safety Council (NSC) in July 2021.

Berkeley strongly refutes the NSC's assessment and, in the Company's opinion, the NSC adopted an arbitrary decision with the technical issues used as justification to issue the unfavourable report lacking in both technical and legal support.

In April 2023, the Company's wholly owned Spanish subsidiary, Berkeley Minera Espana (BME) submitted a contentious-administrative appeal before the Spanish National Court in an attempt to overturn the MITECO decision denying NSC II.

Given the current permitting situation at the Salamanca project, the Company applied for, and has been granted with a temporary suspension of activity work at the C.E Retortillo-Santidad ('Retortillo mining licence') whilst the NSC II contentious-administrative appeal is ongoing. All environmental, health and safety measures will continue to maintained by the Company.

Further, the Company received formal notifications in December 2023 which upheld appeals submitted by a non-governmental organisation, Plataforma Stop Uranio, and the city council of Villavieja de Yeltes (the appellants) to revoke the first instance judgements related to the Authorisation of Exceptional Land Use (AEUL) and the Urbanism License (UL), which annuled both the AEUL and UL.

The Company strongly disagrees with the fundamentals of the TSJ's judgement and having previously submitted cassation appeals against the TSJ judgements before the Spanish Supreme Court, the Company has withdrawn the appeals to preserve its rights under international arbitration.

Salamanca Project Update

During the quarter, an assessment of the Environmental Aspects according to ISO 14001 Standards and Sustainable Mining Management Indicators according to UNE 22470/80 Standards of the Company's activities at the project in 2023 has been carried out. Further, work continued to achieve the Company's Sustainability Goals set in 2023 with the next internal and external operational audits now scheduled for second half of the year.

Progress towards achievement of the 2023 Sustainability Goals has included completion of the Sustainable Eco-Garden and Beekeeping initiative and the Carbon Footprint goal (Company was issued a Carbon Footprint Registry certificate as evidence of the control and reduction of its CO2 emissions in 2022). The Solar Farm project, ISO 45001 recertification, and Communication with Stakeholders goals are also nearing completion (>75% complete).

Solar Power System Study

As previously reported, Berkeley initiated a study evaluating the design, permitting, construction and operation of a solar power system at the Project. This study has been finalised, a formal application submitted to the relevant authorities in Salamanca, and the permitting process continued during the quarter.

The proposed facility will have an installed power of 20.1MW and will be able to supply up to 75% of the power requirements at the Project. There is flexibility with regard to storage capacity versus capital and operational costs to ensure the optimal outcome for the Project.

The engineering, design, and cost estimation workstreams were completed and the overall project was delivered in late 2023. The environmental studies are well advanced, and once the scope of the environmental document is confirmed by the Administration, the Environmental Assessment will be formally submitted.

Exploration

During the quarter, the Company continued with its initial exploration program focusing on battery and critical metals in Spain. The exploration initiative is targeting lithium, cobalt, tin, tungsten, rare earths, and other battery and critical metals, within the Company's existing tenements in western Spain that do not form part of Berkeley's main undertaking being the development of the Salamanca project. Further analysis of the mineral and metal endowment across the entire mineral rich province and other prospective regions in Spain is also being undertaken, with a view to identifying additional targets and regional consolidation opportunities.

Investigation Permit Conchas

Based on the results of the soil sampling programs and information gleaned from a review of the available historical data, a small initial drilling program was implemented to test the tin-lithium anomaly. The drill program comprised five broad spaced reverse circulation (RC) holes for a total of 282m. Anomalous results for lithium (Li), tin (Sn), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) obtained from multi-element analysis of drill samples were reported in the March 2023 quarter, demonstrating IP Conchas' exploration potential for several critical and strategic raw materials included in the European Commission's Critical Raw Materials Act.

A number of mineralogical studies have subsequently been undertaken to determine the mineral species present and understand their characteristics and properties. Results of these studies indicate the mineralised muscovitic leucogranite is composed mainly of plagioclase (average content of 55%) and quartz (average content of 25%), with potassium feldspar, muscovite mica, and Li-mica making up remainder of the rock. The samples have an average Li-mica content of 3%.

The Company is currently advancing plans for a second drilling campaign at IP Conchas focused on improving confidence in the geology, continuity, and grade distribution of the zone of multi-element mineralisation. The drilling campaign is planned to commence in the June 2024 quarter.

Figure 1: IP Conchas Location Plans and Geology / Drill Hole Location Plan

Figure 2: IP Conchas Cross Section A-A1

Oliva and La Majada Projects

The Company has designed exploration programs for both projects and communicated with the relevant authorities to progress the pending grant of the Investigation Permits for two of tenements.

Additional Information on the Global Nuclear Power and Uranium Market

• Leaders and representatives from 32 countries at the Nuclear Energy Summit backed measures in areas such as financing, technological innovation, regulatory cooperation and workforce training to enable the expansion of nuclear capacity to tackle climate change and boost energy security.

Alongside the declaration adopted by governments at the inaugural Nuclear Energy Summit, held in Brussels in March, global nuclear industry associations have set out the industry's commitment to supporting government objectives to expand nuclear energy capacity worldwide to achieve climate and energy security goals.

• UK Prime Minister has announced a package of public and private investment to reinforce the country's nuclear workforce and support 40,000 expected new jobs in its defence and civil nuclear industry.
• A new funding programme for nuclear fusion research has been announced by Germany's Federal Research Minister aimed at paving the way for the first fusion power plant to be constructed in Germany by 2040.
• A gathering in Madrid of more than 70 representatives from the European and international young nuclear networks, from 27 countries, heard the case put against the planned closure of Almaraz nuclear power plant's unit 1.
• The Italian Chamber of Deputies will launch a major inquiry into how nuclear energy could help Italy reach its energy transition goals. In March, the chamber's Environment Committee decided to conduct a fact-finding study on the role of nuclear energy in guiding Italy through the energy transition, to achieve decarbonisation by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050. Italy operated a total of four nuclear power plants from the 1960s but decided to phase out nuclear power in a referendum that followed the 1986 Chernobyl accident. It closed its last two operating plants in 1990.
• The lower house of Dutch parliament voted to back a proposal to draws up plans to construct four large nuclear power reactors, instead of the two currently envisaged. The two new power reactors that are likely to be built will produce about 9 -13% of the total electricity generated in the country.
• A public discussion period ended during the quarter on removing a ban on uranium mining in Kyrgyzstan which has been in place since 2019. Lawmakers are set to consider a bill shortly after the end of the discussion period.
• The U.S. House of Representatives voted to pass the Atomic Energy Advancement Act which establishes various requirements to accelerate the deployment of nuclear energy technologies, such as advanced reactors. Specifically, the bill sets forth requirements that direct the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to efficiently license and regulate nuclear energy activities. It also reduces certain licensing fees charged by the NRC for advanced nuclear reactors and authorises the Department of Energy to make awards that pay for certain licensing fees. The co-leader of the bipartisan bill, said it "makes critical updates to improve safety and ensure our nuclear regulations are up-to-date, pushing us closer to a carbon-free energy future". The bill now goes to the Senate.
• South Korea's President has promised nuclear equipment orders worth US$2.5 billion which will be placed this year. "The government will provide its full support to make this year the year that the nuclear industry takes off once again, going beyond merely normalising the industry," he said. The government plans to establish a mid-to-long-term plan for nuclear plant projects spanning until 2050 within this year.
• A new poll in Japan by The Asahi Shimbun found that 50% of respondents support restarting idled nuclear power reactors, while 35% said they want them to remain offline.

Further, the Japanese government has decided to include uranium in a list of critical minerals amid concerns about supply disruptions related to Russian companies which are "strongly involved" in the enrichment sector. The decision to include uranium in the list was reached at a cabinet meeting during the quarter.

· The Indian government plans to increase the country's installed nuclear generating capacity from the current 7480 MWe to 22,800 MWe by 2031-32, the Union Minister said in a written reply to a question in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament. He said in order to increase nuclear's share of India's electricity generation the government has approved the construction of ten indigenous 700 MWe pressurised heavy water reactors, created the Indian Nuclear Insurance Pool, amended the Atomic Energy Act to enable joint ventures of public sector companies to set up nuclear power projects, and entered into agreements with foreign countries for nuclear power cooperation, including supply of fuel.

• The European Commission has launched an Industrial Alliance dedicated to small modular reactors, aiming to facilitate the development of SMRs in Europe by the early 2030s. The announcement came as the commission presented its assessment for a 2040 climate target for the EU.
• The Philippines Department of Energy established a nuclear development committee to ensure integrated government involvement in the country's nuclear power program. The Nuclear Energy Program Coordinating Committee will participate in the process under the Nuclear Energy Program Inter-Agency Committee. The goal is to implement a nuclear energy program to activate 2,400 Mwe of nuclear capacity by 2032.

Appendix 1: Mineral Resource at Salamanca

Appendix 2: Summary of Mining Tenements

As at 31 March 2024, the Company had an interest in the following tenements:

^In the December 2023 quarter, the Company applied for an Exploitation Concession from the existing IP Almendro.

**In the March 2023 quarter, Exploracion de Recuros Minerales S.L.U (ERM), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Tenement Sale and Purchase Agreement and Royalty Deed with COPROMI, to acquire IP Los Bélicos, IPA Ampliación Los Bélicos, and IPA La Majada.

Appendix 3: Related Party Payments

During the quarter ended 31 Marc 2024, the Company made payments of $185,000 to related parties and their associates. These payments relate to existing remuneration arrangements (director and consulting fees plus statutory superannuation).

Appendix 4: Exploration and Mining Expenditure

During the quarter ended 31 March 2024, the Company made the following payments in relation to exploration and development activities:

Appendix 5B

Mining exploration entity or oil and gas exploration entity

quarterly cash flow report

Name of entity

Berkeley Energia Limited

Answer: Not applicable

Answer: Not applicable

Answer: Not applicable

Compliance statement

2 This statement gives a true and fair view of the matters disclosed.

Date: 26 April 2024

Authorised by: Company Secretary

(Name of body or officer authorising release - see note 4)

Notes