Half-year Results

CT Automotive, a leading designer, developer and supplier of interior components to the global automotive industry, today announces its results for the half year ended 30 June 2024 ("H1 24").

Simon Phillips, Chief Executive Officer of CT Automotive, commented:

"Our focus on delivering margin improvement continues to come through with profit before tax on track to be in line with market expectations for the full year and the profit before tax margin slightly ahead.

For the first-half, gross profit margin improved by 250bps to 28.7%, compared to H1 23, reflecting successful cost reduction initiatives. As a result, the Company has delivered an Adj. PBT of $4.1million, a substantial improvement of 59% on the prior year. Existing customer volumes have aligned back to current demand as expected. However, five key contract wins from existing customers in H1 24, worth an estimated $27.5m annually1 have boosted our order book through to 2027, which with further prospects leave the business well placed to grow revenue by taking market share."

Financial highlights+

* Adjusted for non-recurring items as explained in Notes 4 and 13 of the consolidated condensed financial statements

** Net debt excludes IFRS 16 lease liabilities

+Note: the above figures are derived from continuing operations excluding UK discontinued operations

HY24 financial highlights

Total revenues of $60.5m (H1 23: $68.2m)

o Tooling revenues almost doubled to $4.5m (H1 23: $2.4m) providing an enhanced pipeline for future revenues

o Production revenues reduced to $56.0m (H1 23: $65.8m) as a result of volumes declining in line with the broader automotive market

• Five contract wins in the period from existing customers, worth an estimated $27.5m annually[1] to supply components for new EV models from global OEMs as well as two hybrids and one ICE
• Gross profit margin improved by 250bps to 28.7%, as a result of management action to reduce direct cost from the start of 2023
• Adjusted PBT grew by 59% to $4.1m (H1 23: $2.5m), reflecting savings in direct and indirect costs
• Positive operating cash generation in H1 24, resulting in net debt of $5.8m (excluding IFRS 16) (H1 23: $9.0m)
• Discussions are progressing well towards securing a new borrowing facility, and are expected to complete imminently

HY24 operational update

• A solid period with all production facilities working to plan both in terms of output and the longer term delivery of additional capacity with further efficiencies driving improved margins

o China recorded strong gross profit margin improvement and is pursuing further cost reduction programmes which, if successful, are to be rolled-out group wide

o Inflationary pressures in Türkiye have eased with an improving outlook as tighter monetary policy takes effect

o Mexico has good visibility on incoming contracts to expand current revenues, capitalising on demand from US companies looking to near-shore supply

Current trading and outlook

• Trading in the initial months of H2 24 has been robust across the Group and the Board anticipates that, with the successful margin improvement initiatives made across the business, profit before tax is on track to be in line with market expectations for the full year and the profit before tax margin slightly ahead
• Relentless focus on both direct and indirect costs, utilising digitisation, robotics and artificial intelligence to improve and expand automation of the Group's operations
• Expanded business development team across key OEM markets to drive future revenue growth
• New programmes that commenced production in 2024 have added to revenue visibility for 2025 and looking further ahead we have a strong order book of programmes commencing between 2025 and 2027 as well as a good pipeline of RFQ's

[1] Estimated annual value is based on customer nominations from underlying OEM and is expected to span five to six years

Investor Presentation

The Company will hold an investor presentation to discuss the interim results, followed by a Q&A session, on 26 September 2024 at 11.00am. To attend, please register with PI World via this link: https://bit.ly/CTA_HY24_results_webinar

Use of alternative performance measures

The commentary uses alternative performance measures, which have been adjusted for certain non-recurring items. An explanation of the items identified as non-recurring and that have been adjusted can be found in Notes 4 and 13 of the consolidated condensed interim financial statements. Non-recurring items are items which due to their one-off, non-trading and non-underlying nature, have been separately classified by the Directors in order to draw them to the attention of the reader and allow for a greater understanding of the operating performance of the Group.

CEO Statement

Overview

I am pleased to report on a positive set of results for the first six months of 2024. The business has good visibility on its growth trajectory for 2025 and subsequent years, and with less than 5% share of the global market at present, continues to see substantial scope for growth.

In 2024 the global Automotive supply chain experienced a challenging period caused by OEM destocking, a somewhat volatile and uncertain transition from internal combustion engines (ICE) to EV's, as well as weaker underlying consumer demand caused by higher interest rates. This is impacting the entire industry, especially the larger OEM's.

Despite this, as a smaller, lower cost and more agile operator with the ability to respond quickly, CT Automotive continues to perform well, take market share and grow profits. In H1 we grew adjusted PBT by 59%, enjoyed five new business wins on our customers' platforms and have been very active in responding to multiple RFQ's across our customer base.

Our confidence in our products and operating model alongside our ability to deliver across all vehicle types gives us the belief in our ability to win further market share with both existing and new customers to drive revenue growth. As a result, in H1 we expanded our sales teams across the organisation to capitalise on these significant, tangible opportunities ahead.

We continue to focus on costs and are now trialling a number of technologies to drive automation across all areas of the business and improve efficiency allowing us both to optimise margins and invest in the Group's future.

Trading

The Company has strong visibility over both booked production and tooling revenues for the remainder of 2024 and into 2025.

As anticipated, production demand in the current year declined in line with the broader automotive market, with total revenues 11% lower in H1 versus the same period in 2023. These trends are expected to continue into H2 but will be offset by further improvements in the Group's margin that will come from cost reduction programmes put in place over the past 18 months, further costs savings to commence in H2, as well as an increased mix of higher margin tooling revenues.

In H1 2024 gross margin improved once again to circa 29%, building on last year's growth from 12% to 22%, benefitting from the annualisation of last year's cost saving measures as well as some new initiatives. Moreover, we are planning future cost reduction programmes which will utilise robotics, digitisation and artificial intelligence to drive further automation across all aspects of the Company's operations.

Adjusted PBT grew to $4.1m (H1 23: $2.5m) supported by the cost reduction programmes as well as savings in operating expenditure, driving EPS growth of 176% with EPS on continuing operations of 4.7c.

New business development

Momentum in our order book is building and in H1 this year, we were awarded five new contracts from existing customers, worth an estimated $27.5m2 annually. These include EV models hybrids and one ICE with revenue coming on stream from the start of 2026, reflecting typical long product cycles. These wins highlight our customers' confidence in our ability to deliver a high-quality product at the right unit cost in a timely manner. Prospects for further growth are positive with a strong pipeline of RFQ's.

We anticipate further opportunities for new business and so have taken the key decision during H1 to invest in expanding our New Business Development team, adding sales expertise into Korea, Türkiye, Europe, Mexico and North America. This investment is a reflection of our confidence in the opportunity to continue to grow through existing customer referrals as well as adding new leading auto manufacturers as customers.

2 Estimated annual value is based on customer nominations from underlying OEM and is expected to span five to six years

Manufacturing base

China

Our relentless focus in China on reducing costs delivered a material improvement in gross profit margin. This has been enabled by the annualization of our cost reduction programmes in 2023 and initiatives commenced in 2024. We expect to see some sales migrate from China to Mexico as North American OEM's and Tier One suppliers near-shore supply. In response, we are right-sizing operations to match demand.

China is the Group's centre for testing cost reduction programmes, all of which going forward will be automation led. Currently, we are trialling the application of robotics to assembly processes, injection moulding and painting. Similarly, we are trialling AI for basic administrative tasks, with the potential to significantly reduce headcount. Each programme that is successful will then be rolled out across Türkiye and Mexico.

Türkiye

Our manufacturing site in Gebze, Türkiye traded well, primarily supplying the domestic market. The easing of inflationary pressures in Türkiye due to a tighter national monetary policy position has been helpful over the period. The business has an effective cost escalation system in place to pass on inflationary and currency cost increases, and management have also introduced shortened payment terms further reducing the Company's exposure. The ability to provide a total solution in Türkiye from design to production differentiates this business from peers and means it is well placed to continue to attract new customers.

Mexico

The decision to open a manufacturing site in Puebla, Mexico in 2022 is proving to be a pivotal decision for the business. In H1, the site performed well with trading delivering to plan. Alongside this, demand has expanded significantly as US companies look to relocate production. This is in part to be tax efficient, but also to be close to their home market. To accommodate future demand, additional capacity will be added over the next 18 months. In addition, CT Automotive México has now successfully achieved the commercially important IATF 16949:2016 and ISO 9001:2015 certifications.

Sustainability

We are very mindful of our responsibilities to create a sustainable business that will allow all stakeholders to prosper whilst reducing our impact on the environment. In 2024, as part of furthering our commitment, we were pleased to receive the Ecovadis Silver Award. Placing us in the top 15% of companies assessed by Ecovadis, scoring highly in Environment, Ethics, Labour and Human rights and Sustainable Procurement.

To support our various stakeholder groups, we are also working with Integrum which provides real time ESG data analysis for investors who are faced with more granular ESG reporting and more stringent regulatory requirements.

People

I am, as ever, very grateful to our entire workforce for their continued efforts to develop the business and deliver consistently high-quality products to our automotive customers from around the world. It is their collective endeavours which underpin our future success.

Current trading and outlook

Trading in the initial months of H2 24 has been robust across the Group and the Board anticipates that with the successful margin improvement initiatives made across the business that profit before tax is on track to be in line with market expectations for the full year and the profit before tax margin slightly ahead.

Visibility over the Company's expected trading performance in 2025 has improved as we benefit from a full year's revenue contribution from new programmes which commenced part way through 2024 as well as further programmes coming on stream through the year

In addition, there is a good pipeline of new business prospects, further supported by the investment made in expanding our global business development team.

Automation is an exciting area for the business and will enable further fixed cost reductions over time to support our low-cost positioning and afford us the ability to increase investment behind the business.

The automotive industry is undergoing a transitional period with a slower than expected move away from ICE, leading to changes in production levels and delays in new launches. Nevertheless, CT Automotive is navigating these conditions well, supported by two key drivers. Firstly, we are deploying a range of strategies to capitalise on the market share opportunity, and secondly, the automation led cost reductions we are currently trialling have the potential to drive a further step change in efficiency.

Financial review

Revenue and margins

During the first half of 2024 the Group generated total revenue of $60.5m, compared to $68.2m revenue generated during the comparative prior period. The $7.7m reduction in revenue was due to production volumes aligning with consumer demand, which resulted in $56.0m of production revenues (H1 23: $65.8m). This was partially offset by an increase in tooling revenue from $2.4m in H1 23 to $4.5m in H1 24, as the number of tooling projects increased from 5 to 7.

Despite a reduction in revenue, the Group's gross profit was maintained at $17.4m, broadly similar to H1 23 levels of $17.8m. Gross margins improved to 28.7% (H1 23: 26.2% and FY23: 21.6%) further benefitting from materials and labour cost savings as a result of ongoing efficiency and margin improvement initiatives. As part of these initiatives, labour savings contributed 1.6% towards H1 24 gross margin improvement, while materials savings contributed 5.9% when compared to FY23 gross margin.

Non-recurring items

During H1 24 the Group has reduced its non-recurring items to $0.3m (H1 23: $1.2m). These non-recurring items represented the impact of accounting for hyperinflation in Türkiye. For further details, see Notes 4 and 13 of the consolidated condensed financial statements.

EBITDA and operating result

H1 24 adjusted EBITDA was $7.4m (H1 23: $6.7m) while reported EBITDA was $7.1m (H1 23: $5.4). The improvement in adjusted EBITDA mainly came from an increased tooling gross profit and a reduction in distribution and administrative expenses. A reduction in distribution expenses was due to container rates settling to pre-Covid levels and lower sales volumes. An improvement in administrative expenses mainly came from the overheads savings initiatives. During H1 24 the Group incurred $0.7m of foreign exchange losses (H1 23: $0.3m gains) due to exchange rate movements primarily against the US$ and from intercompany balances.

Depreciation and amortisation charges reduced to $2.1m (H1 23: $3.0m) benefitting from the extended useful economical lives of plant and machinery which were revised at the end of December 2023. Therefore, the resulting adjusted operating profit was $5.3m (H1 23: $3.7m) and reported operating profit was $5.0m (H1 23: $2.4m).

Profit from continuing operations and EPS

H1 24 adjusted profit before tax was $4.1m (H1 23: $2.5m), while reported profit before tax was $3.8m (H1 23: $1.3m), taking into account non-recurring items of $0.3m (H1 23: $1.2m). Profit after tax from continuing operations was $3.5m (H1 23: $1.0m), resulting in basic EPS from continuing operations of 4.7c (H1 23: 1.7c).

Discontinued operations

During the first half of 2024 the Group has completed the liquidation of CAS, its UK manufacturing subsidiary. H1 24 gain attributable to the discontinued operations was $0.2m (H1 23: $0.4m loss) and related to a release of previously booked provisions which were not required.

Capital structure, working capital and interest

Since December 2023 year end, the Group saw its net asset value increase to $21.6m (FY23: $17.0m), main driver being $3.6m of net profits generated during the period.

Non-current assets remained broadly the same at $18.0m (FY23: $18.1m), while the current assets have reduced to $60.3m since the year end (FY23: $66.3m) and current liabilities reduced to $51.3m (FY23: $62.0m).

During the first half of 2024 the Group continued to actively manage its trade payable balances in China, contributing to a reduction from $43.4m to $36.7m. This was the primary driver for the reduction in current liabilities. This in turn has contributed to a reduction in cash and cash equivalents to $4.4m (FY23: $9.4m). It should be noted that the year-end cash balance was boosted by the timing of December payroll payments in China of $1.7m which took place in early January 2024.

Net debt as at 30 June 2024 was $5.8m (FY23: $3.8m) and included cash and amounts drawn on the Group's trade loans and invoice finance facilities with HSBC. After applying IFRS 16 accounting for right-of-use assets on current and non-current lease liabilities, net debt as at 30 June 2024 was $14.4m (FY23: $12.7m).

The Group uses HSBC post-dispatch trade loans and invoice financing facilities as an additional working capital lever. As at 30 June 2024 the amounts drawn on the Group's trade loans and invoice finance facilities were $10.2m (FY23: $13.2m) against total available facilities of c.$21m. Net finance costs remained at similar levels at $1.2m (H1 23: $1.1m).

As previously announced, the Group is well advanced to refinance the current HSBC facilities to put in place an asset backed facility. It is anticipated that, once in place, the new facility would support the Group's international expansion plans and will be committed over the medium -term. We are expecting to complete the refinancing process and make an announcement in the coming weeks.

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income

Other comprehensive income/(loss)

Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

Notes forming part of the unaudited consolidated condensed interim financial statements (hereinafter "the financial statements")

Accounting Policies

Introduction

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance International Financial Reporting Standards currently in force and in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

These financial statements have been prepared on the basis of the same accounting policies as per the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023. The financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 (IAS 34), are unaudited and do not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 434 of the Companies Act 2006. Statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2023 prepared in accordance with IFRS, have been filed with Companies House. The Auditors' Report on these accounts was unqualified, did not include any matters to which the Auditors drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report and did not contain any statements under section 498 of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are for the six months to 30 June 2024. The interim consolidated financial information does not include all the information and disclosures required in the annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Group's annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 which were prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards and in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Measurement convention

The financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis except that the derivative financial instruments are stated at their fair value and the hyperinflationary adjustments are applied to the results of our foreign operations in Türkiye

Going Concern

The Directors have assessed the Group's business activities and the factors likely to affect future performance in light of the current and anticipated trading conditions. In making their assessment the Directors have reviewed the Group's latest budget, current trading, forecasts and debt facilities and considered reasonably plausible downside scenarios and mitigating actions.

The Directors are confident that, after taking into account cash and debt facilities available to the Group, the Group has adequate resources in place to continue in operational existence for a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements being to September 2025. In making their assessment the Directors have stress tested the cashflows of the business.

• Reduction in revenue risk: the entire automotive market suffers a downturn of 10% in revenue reflecting a scenario similar to the 2008-2009 downturn;
• Risk of increased cost of sales and freight costs: reflecting the impact of inflation in cost of sales and freight costs raising by 5% and the inability to recover the increase in costs from customers;
• Stockholding risk: reflecting a scenario caused by the disruption in customer schedules due to possible military conflicts or other plausible disruptions resulting in the need to hold more than normal stock levels required in the distribution centres.

In addition, the Directors have modelled a combined downside scenario and considered several controllable mitigating actions. The principal mitigating action modelled is the agreement of extended supplier payment terms. Additional mitigating actions which have not been modelled but are available for Management to deploy, if required, are reduced customer payment terms and a further reduction of overheads. Such mitigating actions are within Management's control and the business closely monitors appropriate lead indicators to implement these actions in sufficient time to achieve the required cash preservation impact.

In any of the scenarios noted above the combined impact of the above downside assumptions, the stress testing model, incorporating the above principal mitigation, demonstrates that the business is able to maintain a positive cash balance and covenants throughout the entire going concern review period considered.

The Group currently has trade loans and invoice finance facilities which are renewed at set times (typically quarterly, six monthly or annually) and which have been renewed as part of this renewal cycle. The Group has reviewed our current banking debt facility providers going forward and considered all viable options with regard to our potential lenders to ensure that we have the best commercial arrangements in place. Following a full externally run tender process we are currently in advanced negotiations to secure new borrowing facilities. Signed heads of terms are in place, due diligence completed and the legal documentation of the facilities is well progressed. Our current trade loan and invoice finance facilities remain in place until such time as the new borrowing facility is completed.

As a result of the above considerations, the Directors consider that the Group has adequate resources in place for at least 12 months from the date of the approval of these interim financial statements and have therefore adopted the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation

Subsidiaries

Non-controlling Interest

Change in subsidiary ownership and loss of control

Transactions eliminated on consolidation

Discontinued operations

Revenue

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Provided it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue and costs, if applicable, can be measured reliably, revenue is recognised in profit or loss as follows:

Serial production goods are recognised as sold at a point in time when control is passed to the customer, which depending on the incoterms (a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce relating to international commercial law) can be when they are delivered to the customer site or when the customer collects them.

Revenue from Tooling and the provision of associated services is recognised at a point in time when the performance obligations in the contract are satisfied and control is passed to the customer, which is based on the date of issue of the parts submission warrant (PSW) or a similar approval from customers, or other evidence of the commencement of serial production. Monies received from customers in advance of completing the performance obligations are recognised as contract liabilities as at the balance sheet date and released to revenue when the related performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time.

Discounts on the serial production contracts are considered as one off and agreed with the customers as part of the negotiation and as per the terms of the contract, they are either paid in advance or otherwise. Discounts paid in advance are recognised as a prepayment and recognised as a debit to revenue in the period in which the related revenue is recognised. All other discounts are recognised as a debit to revenue based on the period in which the related revenues are recognised.

Revenue excludes value added tax or other sales taxes and is after deduction of any trade discounts.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

Depreciation is charged to the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Assets under construction - not depreciated

Plant and equipment - 2-15 years straight line

Furniture, fixtures and equipment - 2-5 years straight line

Motor vehicles - 2-5 years straight line

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The useful life for plant and equipment was reviewed at 31 December 2023 and changed from 2-5 years to 2-15 years.

Inventories

Net realisable value is the value that would arise on sale of stock in the normal course of business, minus a reasonable estimation of selling costs.

Foreign currency

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rates ruling at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of unsettled monetary assets and liabilities are recognised immediately in profit or loss. Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of the foreign operation are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign exchange reserve.

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on consolidation, are translated to the Group's presentational currency US Dollars at foreign exchange rates ruling at the balance sheet date. The revenues and expenses of foreign operations are translated at an average rate for the period where this rate approximates to the foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates of the transactions.

Exchange differences arising from this translation of foreign operations are reported as an item of other comprehensive income and accumulated in the translation reserve. When a foreign operation is disposed of, such that control is lost, the entire accumulated amount in the foreign currency translation reserve, is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. When the Group disposes of only part of its interest in a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation while still retaining control, the relevant proportion of the accumulated amount is reattributed to non-controlling interests. When the Group disposes of only part of its investment in an associate that includes a foreign operation while still retaining significant influence, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss.

Classification of financial instruments issued by the Group

• they include no contractual obligations upon the Company (or Group as the case may be) to deliver cash or other financial assets or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another party under conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the Group; and
• where the instrument will or may be settled in the Company's own equity instruments, it is either a non-derivative that includes no obligation to deliver a variable number of theCompany's own equity instruments or is a derivative that will be settled by the Company's exchanging a fixed amount of cash or other financial assets for a fixed number of its own equity instruments.

To the extent that this definition is not met, the proceeds of any issues are classified as a financial liability.

Non-derivative financial instruments

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other payables

Cash and cash equivalents

Interest-bearing borrowings

Interest-bearing borrowings are recognised initially at fair value less attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method. See Note 9 for full details of classes of interest-bearing borrowings.

Effective interest rate

The 'effective interest' is calculated using the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts (considering all contractual terms) through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability to its carrying amount before any loss allowance.

Share based payments

Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of the grant is charged to the income statement over the vesting period. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually vest.

Hyperinflation

The Group has applied IAS 29, Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies, for its subsidiary in Türkiye, whose functional currency has experienced a cumulative inflation rate of more than 100%, over the past three years. Assets, liabilities, the financial position and results of foreign operations in hyperinflationary economies are translated to US Dollar at the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. The exchange differences are recognised directly in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the translation reserve in equity. Such translation differences are reclassified to profit or loss only on disposal or partial disposal of the overseas operation. Prior to translating the financial statements of foreign operations, the non-monetary assets and liabilities and comprehensive income (both previously stated at historic cost) are restated to account for changes in the general purchasing power of the local currencies based on the consumer price index published by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The consumer price index for the six months ended 30 June 2024 increased by 1.92%.

Revenue

All revenue is derived from goods transferred at a point in time.

An analysis of turnover by geographical market is given within Note 3.

Segment information

The Group has 3 strategic divisions which are its reportable segments. The Group has the below main divisions:

• Tooling - Design, development and sale of tooling for the automotive industry.
• Head office - Manages group financing and capital management

The Group evaluates segmental performance based on revenue and profit or loss from operations calculated in accordance with IFRS.

Unaudited 6 months ended 30 June 2024

Non -recurring items are items, which, due to their one-off, non-trading and non-underlying nature, have been separately classified by the Directors in order to draw them to the attention of the reader and allow for greater understanding of the operating performance of the Group.

Effective from 1 January 2022, the Group has applied IAS 29, Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies for its subsidiary in Türkiye. The impact of applying this standard in respect of 6 months ended 30 June 2024 was a charge of $301,000 and is considered as non-trading.

Earnings per share

There are contingently issuable shares in existence (see Note 12) that can result in diluted Earnings/(Loss) per share being different from basic Earnings/(Loss) per share in 2024 and 2023.

Property, plant and equipment

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses using a lifetime expected credit loss provision to trade receivables. The expected loss rates are based on the Group's historical credit losses. Due to the nature of the Group's customers historic losses are limited, however a small credit loss provision of $200,000 has been made at the end of the period (H12023: $nil). The key assumptions used in evaluating the credit loss provision are the historical default ratio of these customers, any known liquidity risks of the customers and based on the information available we have assessed a range of possible outcomes.

Loans and borrowings

Related parties

The compensation of key management personnel (including the directors) is as follows:

Share options

In the 6 months to 30 June 2024, CT Automotive Group PLC granted share options to 3 executives. Subject to vesting conditions, the executives will have the option to acquire a total of 374,999 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of £0.005 per share.

The LTIP Awards to executives will vest on the third anniversary of grant subject to meeting earnings per share performance criteria for the three year period ending FY2025. 25% of the LTIP Awards will vest on meeting minimum performance criteria, with vesting thereafter on a straight-line basis.

In addition, the Company awarded 97,560 nominal cost options under the same plan to certain senior managers. These awards vest on the third anniversary of grant subject to continued employment and no further performance conditions.

As at 30 June 2024 2,701,951 share options are outstanding.

Alternative performance measures

The Directors consider Alternative Performance Measures (APMs) to better allow the readers of the accounts to understand the underlying performance of the Group. The Directors also monitor these APMs to assess financial performance throughout the period.

The APMs used by the Directors include:

Adjusted EBITDA - calculated as EBITDA adjusted for non-recurring items*

Adjusted EBITDA margin - calculated as adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue in the period*

Adjusted profit before tax - calculated as profit before tax adjusted for non-recurring items*

Adjusted profit before tax margin - calculated as adjusted profit before tax divided by revenue in the period*

*Continuing operations only

EBITDA is calculated using Operating profit/(loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation.

Detail of each of the non-recurring items is disclosed in Note 4.