Final Results

Nostra Terra (AIM: NTOG), the oil & gas exploration and production company with a portfolio of development and production assets in Texas, USA, is pleased to announce its final results for the year ended 31 December 2023 (the "Results"). A copy of the Results, along with a Notice of AGM, is being posted to Shareholders and is available on the Company's website, www.ntog.co.uk . The AGM will be held at the offices of Druces LLP at Salisbury House, London Wal, London EC2M 5PS at 10.00 a.m. on 27 June 2024. Extracts from the Results are set out below.

2023 - A year of reflection and change.

It is my pleasure to introduce Nostra Terra Oil & Gas Company PLC's annual report for the year ending 31 December 2023.

Over the past year, we have seen an escalation in turmoil across the globe, with the start-up of a conflict in the Middle East while the war in Ukraine continued unabated. Against this uncertain macro backdrop, the Company maintained its focus on its US domestic market activities with a renewed emphasis on cost controls and cash flow generation. This was important because oil prices were generally flat for the year while inflation increased our overall cost base.

The Company didn't drill or participate in any new wells in 2023 but did benefit from a favourable ruling from the Texas Railroad Commission on the Fouke Field. The Commission approved the operator's request to increase the field allowable production rate from 82 bopd to 124 bopd, allowing these wells to maintain their high production rates. As a result, the Company negotiated an agreement to review the existing 3D seismic data over the Pine Mills acreage and beyond, some 88,000 acres, looking for new opportunities similar to Fouke. This technical work is now nearing completion, and I'm optimistic about the results and the potential for further development opportunities in and around our Pine Mills asset.

Also, in line with our strategy for 2023, the treatment facilities at Pine Mills were expanded to increase their water handling and injection capabilities. These are mature facilities, and due to the high-oil price environment in 2022, a year in which we saw our highest corporate production levels, some maintenance activity was deferred. This work is almost complete, and I anticipate increasing volumes from the legacy Pine Mills wells in 2024.

Overall, 2023 was a year in which we undertook activities focused on improving our cost structure and technical understanding of our asset base. We also initiated reviews of each asset within the portfolio to determine whether they generated sufficient cash flow to be retained and, if not, what could be done to improve their performance. This work continues today, and I anticipate changes in the asset portfolio in 2024 that will enhance the Company's overall profitability.

The WAFD capital facility provided to Nostra Terra has been a valuable tool for the business, allowing us to undertake a range of activities without shareholder dilution. However, the increase in interest rates has raised the cost of this facility, and we plan to reduce our outstanding balance over the course of 2024. This reduction will allow us to continue reducing our overall operating costs and improve our profitability.

Finally, post-period, Matt Lofgran, our long-serving CEO, stepped down to pursue other activities beyond NTOG. I wish him the best in his future activities. I was pleased that Paul Welch, a current member of the board and someone with a deep understanding of NTOG and the sector, agreed to take up the role. I look forward to working with Paul on the next phase of NTOG's development.

As always, I want to thank you for your continuing support throughout the last year.

Dr Stephen Staley

Non-Executive Chairman

Chief Executive Officer's Report

In 2023, the Company focused on creating new opportunities from its existing asset base whilst reviewing asset performance. This was done to increase corporate cash flows in a flat commodity price environment with increased costs due to inflation.

The continued success in the Fouke area indicated that there was potentially a significant yet undeveloped opportunity in our Pine Mills asset. This led us to enter into a strategic agreement with our partner in the Fouke wells, providing the Company with access to 80,000 acres (324 km2) of 3D seismic to locate Fouke analogue locations. The first results of this undertaking are now being received. The initial focus of this effort was on the Pine Mills field acreage, where the Company has a 100% working interest. I expect that we will have several locations to develop, subject to additional funding, in the very near term.

In addition to this technical effort, we took an opportunity to invest in the Pine Mills facilities to improve their efficiency and their ability to handle increased fluid volumes in the future. This will allow any future Fouke analogue wells to be tied in immediately after drilling, should they be successful. This is especially important because, as Steve mentioned, our partner successfully increased the field allowable to +120 bopd, making any future Fouke well potentially 50% more productive.

Finally, we initiated an asset performance review to better understand how efficiently the assets were contributing to our cash flow generation and what could be done to improve their performance. This review is still underway today, but early indications suggest that several assets can be significantly improved while others probably cannot. Once concluded, I anticipate that the changes we make in our investment activities will enhance our ability to generate cash flow from our asset base more efficiently.

Revenues for the year were $2,816,000, a 30% decrease from $4,021,000 in 2022. This reflects a combination of a 13% decrease in production sales and a deterioration in the commodity price environment (average $73.38 per barrel sold in 2023 compared to $91.17 in 2022). Gross profit before non-cash items (depreciation, depletion, and amortization) was $1,408,000, a reduction from $2,242,000 in 2022.

United States

All of Nostra Terra's operations in the US target conventional reservoirs (i.e., not shale), typically with lower lifting costs and longer-life reserves than unconventional ones.

East Texas (33- 100% WI)

Nostra Terra's core asset is the Pine Mills Field (100% WI), which provides a baseline of low decline production of +/- 70 bopd. In 2023, production from the area accounted for 87% of the Company's sales. Production remained flat throughout the year from the core producing area. Within this core, the search for the Fouke analogue wells was initiated in 2023.

Chief Executive Officer's Report (continued)

West Texas (50 - 100% WI)

In 2023, production from the area accounted for 8.7% of the Company's sales (50-75% WI). During 2023, the Company completed a technical study of the completion operations and found that offset water injection had created a series of high-pressured water-filled zones that were frac'd when the Grant East #1 (GE#1) well was completed. The fluid contribution from these zones made the completion of the GE#1 subeconomic and a challenge for the remainder of the locations within the Grant East acreage. As a result, post-period, the Grant East lease was not renewed for another year.

South Texas (100% WI)

The Caballos Creek asset, comprising two leases, did not perform well in 2023. Numerous equipment and technical issues caused problems, and after a detailed review of the operations, NTOG decided not to invest further in these assets and is now actively looking to divest them.

Senior Lending Facility

The facility is currently close to its maximum level of US$4,250,000. As Steve mentioned, the cost of this facility has increased as interest rates have risen, and it's the desire of the BOD to decrease the cost of this facility throughout 2024 with a reduction in the facility amount and a forecast decrease in interest rates. The facility is a valuable tool for our business, but with the change in interest rates, its costs are higher than I would like. The planned reduction in size will free up cash in future periods that can be invested more efficiently into the assets.

Outlook

The Company intends to focus on reducing costs and generating cash flow from its existing asset base. Additionally, we intend to complete our technical studies and asset reviews and take the appropriate actions to improve the performance of our assets. Finally, we intend to reduce the Company's debt levels, further reducing our operating costs, with any cash surplus being used to grow our production volumes efficiently.

I'm very grateful for the warm reception that I've received from our shareholders since my arrival. It's been much appreciated. On behalf of the entire team at Nostra Terra, I want to thank you for your support, and I look forward to delivering value to everyone in the future.

Paul Welch

Chief Executive Officer

Consolidated Income Statement

For the year ended 31 December 2023

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statement

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year ended 31 December 2023

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As at 31 December 2023

Paul Welch

Director

Company registration number: 05338258

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Company Statement of Financial Position

As at 31 December 2023

The parent company's loss for the financial year was $1,035,000 (2022: $1,242,000).

Paul Welch

Director

Company registration number: 05338258

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year ended 31 December 2023

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Share capital is the amount subscribed for shares at nominal value.

Share premium represents the excess of the amount subscribed for share capital over the nominal value of those shares net of share issue expenses. Share issue expenses in the year comprise costs incurred in respect of the issue of new shares.

Share based payment reserve is a reserve used to recognize the cost and equity associated with the fair value of issues of share options and warrants.

Translation reserves arose due to the adoption of US dollars as the presentational currency at the start of a prior accounting period.

Retained loss represents the cumulative losses of the company attributable to owners of the company.

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year ended 31 December 2023

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Share capital is the amount subscribed for shares at nominal value.

Share premium represents the excess of the amount subscribed for share capital over the nominal value of those shares net of share issue expenses. Share issue expenses in the year comprise costs incurred in respect of the issue of new shares.

Share based payment reserve is a reserve used to recognize the cost and equity associated with the fair value of issues of share options and warrants.

Translation reserves arose due to the adoption of US dollars as the presentational currency at the start of a prior accounting period.

Retained loss represents the cumulative losses of the company attributable to owners of the company.

Consolidated and Company Statement of Cash Flows

For the year ended 31 December 2023

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the year ended 31 December 2023

General Information

Nostra Terra Oil and Gas Company plc (Nostra Terra) is a company incorporated in England and Wales and quoted on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. The address of the registered office is disclosed on the company information page of this annual report. The principal activity of the Group is described in the directors' report.

Summary of significant accounting policies

The financial statements are presented in United States Dollars, rounded to the nearest $'000, as that is the currency of the primary environment in which the Group operates.

Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Financial Reporting Standards and IFRIC interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (IFRS) and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements, are disclosed in note 2.

Going concern

The financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the Group is a going concern. When assessing the foreseeable future, the directors have looked at a period of 12 months from the date of approval of this report.

The Group's business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position are set out in the Chief Executive Officer's report and Directors' report. In addition, note 20 to the financial statements includes the Group's objectives, policies and processes for managing its capital, its financial risk management objectives and its exposures to credit risk and liquidity risk.

The Group's forecasts and projections, taking account of reasonable possible changes in trading performance, show that the Group should be able to operate within the level of its current cash resources, however a material uncertainty exists in relation to the Group's ability to repay its liabilities as they become due. We note that as at the balance sheet date, the Group has net current liabilities of $432,000 and net liabilities of $1,514,000.

The directors prepare annual budgets and cash flow projections that extend beyond 12 months from the date of this report. These projections include the proceeds of future fundraising necessary within the next 12 months to meet the Company's and Group's overheads and planned discretionary project expenditures and to maintain the Company and Group as going concerns. Although the Company has been successful in raising finance in the past, there is no assurance that it will obtain adequate finance in the future. This represents a material uncertainty related to events or conditions which may cast significant doubt on the Group's and Company's ability to continue as going concerns and, therefore, that they may be unable to realise their assets and discharge their liabilities in the normal course of business. However, the directors have a reasonable expectation that they will secure additional funding when required to continue meeting corporate overheads and exploration costs for the foreseeable future and therefore the directors believe that the going concern basis is appropriate for the preparation of the financial statements.

After making enquiries, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company and Group have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. They continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the annual report and financial statements, however as noted above a material uncertainty exists which may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue operating as a going concern.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

New standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Group and Company

Basis of consolidation

Where the Company has the power, either directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of another entity or business so as to obtain benefits from its activities, it is classified as a subsidiary. The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its subsidiaries ("the Group") as if they formed a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between Group companies are therefore eliminated in full.

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the purchase method. In the statement of financial position, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date on which control is obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date control ceases.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Subsidiaries

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued, and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group's share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement.

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated but considered an impairment indicator of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group's share of the net identifiable assets of the acquired subsidiary or associate at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries is included in 'intangible assets'. Separately recognised goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose. The Group allocates goodwill to each business segment in each country in which it operates.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that have an indefinite useful life, for example goodwill, are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimated of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised as income immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried art a revalued amount in which case the reversal of impairment loss is treated a revaluation increase.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Property, plant and equipment

Tangible non-current assets are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial year in which they are incurred. Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life:

Plant and machinery - over 7 years

The assets' residual values and useful economic lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each statement of financial position date. An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable value. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within other (losses) or gains in the income statement. When revalued assets are sold, the amounts included in other reserves are transferred to retained earnings.

Investments

Investments are stated at cost less provision for any impairment value.

Cash and cash equivalents

Included in the statement of financial position comprise cash at bank and in hand and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment is established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and default or delinquency in payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable is impaired.

Trade payables

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Borrowings

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the income statement over the year of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.

Functional currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency), which is mainly United States Dollars (US$). The financial statements are presented in United States Dollars (US$), which is the Group's presentation currency.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the presentational currency using exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement.

Group Companies

All consolidated entities are presented in US$ and so no translation is required on consolidation.

Share capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity.

Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on the taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differed from net profit as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The entity's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the statement of financial position date.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the statement of financial position liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition) other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited directly to equity; in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially classified as measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, or fair value through profit and loss when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows expire, or the Group no longer retains the significant risks or rewards of ownership of the financial asset. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.

Financial assets are classified dependent on the Group's business model for managing the financial and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. Financial liabilities are classified and measured at amortised cost except for trading liabilities, or where designated at original recognition to achieve more relevant presentation. The Group classifies its financial assets and liabilities into the following categories:

Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost comprise finance lease obligations and trade and other payables. They are classified as current and non-current liabilities depending on the nature of the transaction, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss

The Group holds a derivative against the price of oil held for operation purposes. These are recognised and measured at fair value using the most recent available market price with gains and losses recognised immediately in the profit and loss.

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets

Level 2 Observable direct or indirect inputs other than Level 1 inputs

Level 3 Inputs that are not based on observable market data

The Group measures financial instruments relating to platform holdings at fair value using Level 1.

The Company provides financial guarantees to licensed banks for credit facilities extended to a subsidiary company. The fair value of such financial guarantees is not expected to be significantly different as the probability of the subsidiary company defaulting on the credit lines is remote.

Impairment of trade and other receivables

In accordance with IFRS 9 an expected loss provisioning model is used to calculate an impairment provision. We have implemented the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses arising from trade and other receivables, being a lifetime expected credit loss. This is calculated based on an evaluation of our historic experience plus an adjustment based on our judgement of whether this historic experience is likely reflective of our view of the future at the balance sheet date. In the previous year the incurred loss model is used to calculate the impairment provision.

Oil and gas assets

The Group applies the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas assets and has adopted IFRS 6 Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources.

Exploration and evaluation ("E&E") assets

Under the successful efforts method of accounting, all licence acquisition, exploration and appraisal costs are initially capitalised in well, field or specific exploration cost centres as appropriate, pending determination. Expenditure incurred during the various exploration and appraisal phases is then written off unless commercial reserves have been established or the determination process has not been completed.

Pre-licence costs

Costs incurred prior to having obtained the legal rights to explore an area are expensed directly to the income statement as they are incurred.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Exploration and evaluation ("E&E") costs

Costs of E&E are initially capitalised as E&E assets. Payments to acquire the legal right to explore, together with the directly related costs of technical services and studies, seismic acquisition, exploratory drilling and testing are capitalised as intangible E&E assets.

Tangible assets used in E&E activities (such as the Group's drilling rigs, seismic equipment and other property, plant and equipment used by the company's exploration function) are classified as property, plant and equipment. However, to the extent that such a tangible asset is consumed in developing an intangible E&E asset, the amount reflecting that consumption is recorded as part of the cost of the intangible asset. Such intangible costs include directly attributable overheads, including the depreciation of property, plant and equipment utilised in E&E activities, together with the cost of other materials consumed during the exploration and evaluation phases.

E&E costs are not amortised prior to the conclusion of appraisal activities.

Treatment of E&E assets at conclusion of appraisal activities

Intangible E&E assets relating to each exploration licence/prospect are carried forward until the existence (or otherwise) of commercial reserves has been determined, subject to certain limitations including review for indications of impairment. If commercial reserves are discovered the carrying value, after any impairment loss of the relevant E&E assets, is then reclassified as development and production assets. If, however, commercial reserves are not found, the capitalised costs are charged to expense after conclusion of appraisal activities.

Development and production assets

Development and production assets are accumulated generally on a field-by-field basis and represent the cost of developing the commercial reserves discovered and bringing them into production, together with the E&E expenditures incurred in finding commercial reserves transferred from intangible E&E assets as outlined above.

The cost of development and production assets also includes the cost of acquisitions and purchases of such assets, directly attributable overheads and the cost of recognising provisions for future restoration and decommissioning.

Decommissioning liability

Where a material liability for the removal of production facilities and site restoration at the end of the productive life of the assets exist, a provision for decommissioning liability is recognised. The amount recognised is the present value of estimated future expenditure determined in accordance with local conditions and requirements. An intangible asset of an amount equivalent to the provision is recognised and depreciated on a unit production basis. Changes in estimates are recognised prospectively, with corresponding adjustments to the provision and the associated intangible asset. Period changes in the present value arising from discounting are included in depletion, depreciation and amortisation cost in cost of sales.

Commercial reserves

Commercial reserves are proven and probable oil and gas reserves, which are defined as the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological, geophysical and engineering data demonstrate with a specified degree of certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs and which are considered commercially producible.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Depletion, amortisation and impairment of oil and gas assets

All expenditure carried within each field is amortised from the commencement of production on a unit of production basis, which is the ratio of oil and gas production in the period to the estimated quantities of commercial reserves at the end of the period plus the production in the period, on a field-by-field basis. Costs used in the unit of production calculation comprise the net book value of capitalised costs plus the estimated future field development costs to access the related commercial reserves. Changes in the estimates of commercial reserves or future field development costs are dealt with prospectively.

Where there has been a change in economic conditions that indicates a possible impairment in an oil and gas asset, the recoverability of the net book value relating to that field is assessed by comparison with the estimated discounted future cash flows based on management's expectations of future oil and gas prices and future costs. Any impairment identified is charged to the income statement as additional depletion and amortisation. Where conditions giving rise to impairment subsequently reverse, the effect of the impairment charge is also reversed as a credit to the income statement, net of any depreciation that would have been charged since the impairment.

Depletion, amortisation and impairment of oil and gas assets

All expenditure carried within each field is amortised from the commencement of production on a unit of production basis, which is the ratio of oil and gas production in the period to the estimated quantities of commercial reserves at the end of the period plus the production in the period, on a field-by-field basis. Costs used in the unit of production calculation comprise the net book value of capitalised costs plus the estimated future field development costs to access the related commercial reserves. Changes in the estimates of commercial reserves or future field development costs are dealt with prospectively.

Where there has been a change in economic conditions that indicates a possible impairment in an oil and gas asset, the recoverability of the net book value relating to that field is assessed by comparison with the estimated discounted future cash flows based on management's expectations of future oil and gas prices and future costs. Any impairment identified is charged to the income statement as additional depletion and amortisation. Where conditions giving rise to impairment subsequently reverse, the effect of the impairment charge is also reversed as a credit to the income statement, net of any depreciation that would have been charged since the impairment.

Share-based compensation

The fair value of the employee and suppliers' services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense. The total amount to be expensed over the vesting year is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions (for example, profitability and sales growth targets).

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest. At each statement of financial position date, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium when the options are exercised.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Share-based compensation (continued)

The fair value of share-based payments recognised in the statement of comprehensive income is measured by use of the Black Scholes model, which takes into account conditions attached to the vesting and exercise of the equity instruments. The expected life used in the model is adjusted; based on management's best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations. The share price volatility percentage factor used in the calculation is based on management's best estimate of future share price behaviour and is selected based on past experience, future expectations and benchmarks against peer companies in the industry.

The Group does not operate any cash-settled share-based payments and as such are not affected by the amendments to IFRS 2 - Share-based payments.

Revenue recognition

Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable in relation to the proceeds by the prospects which the company has a working interest in. Revenue is shown net of value-added tax, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the Group. Revenue is recognised when the oil and gas produced is despatched and received by the customers. The directors consider this the point when the Company's performance obligation is satisfied.

The directors consider that revenue generation is exclusively for oil production in the US and so no further segmentation is required.

Leased assets

The Group as a lessee

A lease is defined as 'a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration'.

To apply this definition the Group assesses whether the contract meets three key evaluations which are whether:

Measurement and recognition of leases as a lessee

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Measurement and recognition of leases as a lessee (continued)

Critical accounting estimates and judgements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires the Group to make estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are discussed below:

Impairment of property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. When a review for impairment is conducted, the recoverable amount is determined based on value in use calculations prepared on the basis of management's assumptions and estimates.

Recoverability of exploration and evaluation costs

E&E assets are assessed for impairment when circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may exceed its recoverable value including decommissioning costs. This assessment involves judgment as to (i) the likely future commerciality of the asset and when such commerciality should be determined, and (ii) future revenues and costs pertaining to the asset in question, and the discount rate to be applied to such revenues and costs for the purpose of deriving a recoverable value.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Critical accounting estimates and judgements (continued)

Share-based payments

Note 1 sets out the Group's accounting policy on share-based payments, specifically in relation to the share options and warrants that the Company has granted. The key assumptions underlying the fair value of such share-based payments are discussed in note 23. The fair value amounts used by the Group have been derived by external consultants using standard recognised valuation techniques.

Segmental analysis

In the opinion of the directors, the Group has one class of business, being the exploitation of hydrocarbon resources.

The Group's primary reporting format is determined by geographical segment according to the location of the hydrocarbon assets. The Group's reportable segments under IFRS 8 in the year are as follows:

United Kingdom - being the location of the head office.

US Mid-Continent properties at year end included the following:

• East Texas: 100% working interest in the Pine Mills oilfield
• East Texas: 32.5% working interest in the Cypress farmout area of Pine Mills
• West Texas: 50-100% working interest leases located in the Permian Basin
• South Texas: 100% working interest in the Caballos Creek oilfield

The chief operating decision maker's internal report for the year ended 31 December 2023 is based on the location of the oil properties as disclosed in the below table:

The chief operating decision maker's internal report for the year ended 31 December 2022 is based on the location of the oil properties as disclosed in the below table:

Directors' remuneration

Other than the directors, the Group had no other employees. Total remuneration paid to directors during the year was as listed above.

The director's emoluments and other benefits for the year ended 31 December 2023 is as follows:

Finance expense relates to interest charged on borrowings. Further details for which can be found in note 18.

Other income

Other income relates to sundry income received from operating oil wells in addition to the oil sales.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Operating loss

The operating loss the year ended 31 December is stated after

charging/ (crediting)

The analysis of administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement by nature of expense:

At 31 December 2023, the Company had an estimated excess management expenses to carry forward of $6,375,110 (2022: $5,942,883). The deferred tax asset at 25% (2022: 19%) on these tax losses of $1,593,778 (2022: $1,129,000) has not been recognised due to the uncertainty of recovery. The current US corporate tax rate is 21%.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Loss of Parent Company

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the income statement of the parent company is not presented as part of these financial statements. The parent company's loss for the financial year was $1,035,000 (2022: $1,242,000).

Earnings per share

The calculation of earnings per ordinary share is based on earnings after tax and the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. For diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The Group had two classes of dilutive potential ordinary shares, being those share options granted to employees and suppliers where the exercise price is less than the average market price of the Group's ordinary shares during the year, and warrants granted to directors and one former adviser.

Details of the adjusted earnings per share are set out below:

The diluted loss per share is the same as the basic loss per share as the loss for the year has an antidilutive effect.

RECONCILIATION FROM GROSS PROFIT TO GROSS PROFIT BEFORE DEPLETION, DEPRECIATION, AMORTISATION AND IMPAIRMENT

The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that the intangible assets may be impaired, by considering the net present value of discounted cash flows forecasts. If an indication exists an impairment review is carried out by reference to available engineering information. At the year-end, $nil (2022: $897,000) was provided for the well at Grant East #1.

Amortisation, impairment charges and any profit or loss on disposal of the capitalised intangible costs is included within cost of sales in the consolidated income statement.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Intangible assets (continued)

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that the intangible assets may be impaired, by considering the net present value of discounted cash flows forecasts. If an indication exists an impairment review is carried out by reference to available engineering information. At the year-end, $nil (2022: $nil) was provided.

Amortisation, impairment charges and any profit or loss on disposal of the capitalised intangible costs is included within cost of sales in the consolidated income statement.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Property, plant and equipment

Depreciation charges are included within cost of sales in the Consolidated Income Statement.

In addition, the directors are of the opinion that no impairment should be provided.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Property, plant and equipment (continued)

Depreciation charges are included within cost of sales in the Consolidated Income Statement.

In addition, the directors are of the opinion that no impairment should be provided.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Leases

Lease liabilities are presented in the statement of financial position as follows:

The Group has a lease for the office space in Dallas, Texas, USA. The Company has entered into short-term lease effective from 1 February 2023 and is annually renewed. The Group does not hold any other office leases.

Fixed Asset Investments

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Fixed Asset Investments (continued)

In the opinion of the directors, the aggregate value of the Company's investment in subsidiary undertakings is not less than the amount included in the statement of financial position.

Historically, loans to participating interests are reported as in increase in the Company's investment in the joint venture but have been provided for. As the Group acquired 100% shareholding in the joint venture in 2017 this balance had been transferred to loan to subsidiaries.

The details of the subsidiaries held at 31 December 2023 are as set out below:

The directors consider the carrying value of the receivables to approximate their fair value.

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and on-going expenses. The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates their fair value.

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and on-going expenses. The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates their fair value.

Included in trade payables is the decommissioning liability, this has been calculated at a discount rate of 10% and an inflation factor of 3%. This is comparable to the Group's options at the time of the well in-service dates.

Financial liabilities - borrowing

Borrowings include a facility where the loans are secured against the Group's interest in its assets. At the year end the outstanding balance was $4,247,000 (2022: $3,756,000). Interest is currently charged for any day per annum at 8.75%. In September 2021 the facility was extended by three years to 29 January 2025 and the nominal facility size was increased to $10 million. The Borrowing Base has been reduced to US$4,250,000 based on improved production and cashflow during 2023. The size of the Facility and Borrowing Base will be reassessed at least twice yearly. The Board anticipates the Facility and Borrowing Base will increase as the Company's production and reserves increase.

The Group also has a loan agreement in place with related parties, with a total outstanding balance as at the year-end of $182,000 (2022: $224,000). Further details can be found in Note 22.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Share capital

There were no share issuance during the year.

Risk and sensitivity analysis

The Group's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: interest rate risk, liquidity risk, foreign currency risk, capital risk and credit risk. The Group's activities also expose it to non-financial risks: market, legal and environment risk. The Group's overall risk management programme focuses on unpredictability and seeks to minimise the potential adverse effects on the Group's financial performance. The board, on a regular basis, reviews key risks and, where appropriate, actions are taken to mitigate the key risks identified.

Capital risk

Market risk

The Group also faces risks in conducting operations in US mid-continent, which include but are not limited to:

• Fluctuations in the global economy could disrupt the Group's ability to operate its business in the US Mid-Continent and could discourage foreign and local investment and spending, which could adversely affect its production.

Environmental risk

The Group faces environmental risks in conducting operations in the US Mid-Continent which include but are not limited to:

• If the Group is found not to be in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, it could be exposed to additional costs, which might hinder the Group's ability to operate its business.

Credit risk

The Group's principal financial assets are bank balances and cash, trade and other receivables. The Group's credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables. The amounts presented in the balance sheet are net of allowances for doubtful receivables. An allowance for impairment is made where there is an identified loss which, based on previous experience, is evidence of a reduction in the recoverability of the cash flows.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Risk and sensitivity analysis (continued)

Volatility of crude oil prices

A material part of the Group's revenue will be derived from the sale of oil that it expects to produce. A substantial or extended decline in prices for crude oil and refined products could adversely affect the Group's revenues, cash flows, profitability and ability to finance its planned capital expenditure. West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") oil prices ranged from $70.25 to $89.43 in 2023 and $73.17 to $120.93 in 2022. The Group had no hedging activity during 2023.

Interest rate risk

The Group does not hedge this risk. At 31 December 2023, the Group had borrowings of $4,429,000(2022: $3,980,000), with total interest for the year of $369,000 (2022: $199,000). A 100-basis point change in the rates will increase finance costs by $44,000.

Liquidity risk

The Group expects to fund its exploration and development programme, as well as its administrative and operating expenses throughout 2023, principally using existing working capital and expected proceeds from the sale of future crude oil production. The Group had a bank balance of approximately $25,622 at 31 December 2023 (2022: $132,000).

Cash flow risk

The Group expects to have sufficient working capital to continue operations and to remain cash flow positive through 2023. This will be continuously monitored and reviewed by the directors through the inclusion of regular cash flow forecasts in management reports.

Financial commitments

Capital commitments

The Group had no material capital commitments at the year-end.

Related party transactions

Group

No related party transactions other than those highlighted below.

Company

At the year end, the Company owed its subsidiaries $3,108,000 (2022: $2,246,000) in respect of intercompany loans that are unsecured and interest-free.

The Company has the following loans outstanding with related parties:

In December 2023, the Company obtained short-term loans from a director totalling $45,000 (2022: $nil) which remains outstanding as of year-end. The loan is unsecured and bears interest free and repayable upon demand.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Share-based payments

The Group has a share-ownership compensation scheme for senior executives of the Group whereby senior executives may be granted options to purchase ordinary shares in the Company. The Group has previously issued warrants to senior executives as a welcome incentive and to third parties as consideration for their services. A share-based payment charge of $40,481 (2022: $155,000) for share options was expensed during the year.

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Share-based payments (continued)

The total number of options and warrants outstanding at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 are as follows:

Total at 31 December 2023: 36,000,000

Total at 31 December 2022: 217,986,000

The number of options and warrants outstanding to the directors at the year-end were as follows:

The estimated fair value of the warrants issued in previous years was calculated by applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Volatility is based on historic share prices of the Company. The assumptions used in the calculation were as follows (the warrants issued on 8 April 2020 were to subscribers of shares in a fundraising and are not considered to be share based payments):

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 December 2023

Contingent liabilities and guarantees

The Group has no contingent liabilities in respect of legal claims arising from the ordinary course of business and it is not anticipated that any material liabilities will arise from contingent liabilities other than those provided for.

Ultimate controlling party

The Company is quoted on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. At the date of the annual report there was no one controlling party.

Events after the reporting period

On 11 January 2024 the Company raised £300,000 (before expenses) through a subscription and placing of 250,000,000 new ordinary shares at a price of 0.12p per share.

After the year end the Group sold the Coleman and Raschke assets for approximately $40,000.

END.

Nominated Adviser